Person working on plans at a table with maps, folders and an open book; a construction site is visible in the background.

Clarify suspected explosive ordnance before construction

A historical indication, incomplete information or an older report may be decisive for the next ground intervention. Clients, planners and site management need to know what evidence exists, which area will be developed and how deep the work is planned. Provide FONTANA-EOD with the available documents and your current construction design. Together, we can clarify which specialist question remains open and which investigation is needed to answer it.

Locate the evidence

Distinguish source, location and scope of information.

Describe the ground disturbance

Specify area, depth and construction method.

Prepare the decision

Clarify open issues before work begins.

Read the specialist assessment

Briefly explained

What suspected explosive ordnance means for your construction project

Suspected explosive ordnance requires specialist assessment for the proposed intervention. Available evidence, the area actually affected and the planned depth are considered together. Further work may involve additional historical research, a technical investigation or checking existing records. The task required and the authority to involve are clarified on the basis of the project location, available evidence and construction design.

Available evidence

Check historical indications and investigation reports

For each document, ask about its origin, current status and spatial reference. Different types of information answer different questions.

Historical indications

Aerial photographs, historical uses or documented events may establish or narrow down a suspected hazard. Their specialist interpretation for the affected area is decisive. The periods covered and the limitations of the available sources matter. Previous railway or industrial use is initially information to investigate; a specific explosive ordnance hazard is established from it only through specialist work for the respective site.

Existing investigations

Check which areas and depths were actually investigated, which methods were used and which limitations the report states. This includes all plan appendices and the scope of the task at that time. For an older report, also ask whether terrain, buildings or existing utilities have since changed. A neighbouring property or earlier construction section may have different conditions. The report is therefore assigned precisely to the part of your construction site that its documented assessment actually covers.

Unresolved areas

Missing plans, inaccessible areas or a report without a clear elevation reference remain identifiable gaps. Mark these areas as unresolved on the current plan and identify the missing information. Where a map extract has no entry, first clarify whether the area was covered by the work at all. Only a known scope of investigation or information makes such a representation useful for the project.

Proposed intervention

What information is needed about the construction design

For initial coordination, the proposed intervention and available evidence are presented together. State which decision is coming up: for example, preparing an excavation, commissioning foundation works or reusing an older report. This makes clear what assessment the specialist work should provide and which parties need it for their next tasks.

Construction area and depth

Show the excavation, utility sections or individual foundation points on the site plan. Specify planned depths with a traceable elevation reference. Working spaces, lateral extensions and additional intervention points must also fit within the investigated volume. If the area has been filled or excavated since the earlier investigation, include available information about former and current ground levels. A depth below a former ground level can be used for the current excavation or foundation design only after this comparison.

Construction method and sequence

Describe whether excavation, drilling, piling or another intervention is planned. Specify construction sections and handovers needed. Preparatory works may also affect the ground, such as creating access routes or additional starting points. Record which of these activities are planned before the main work itself. Survey planning is linked to this sequence so that the evidence needed for the next intervention is available in time.

Access and interference

Identify existing utilities, paved surfaces, buildings and areas with restricted access. Reinforced concrete, metal-bearing fill and installed infrastructure can affect geophysical measurements. Known former excavations and changes in ground composition are therefore also useful to the specialist company. Describe which areas can be accessed on foot or by vehicles and when site facilities or material storage areas are to be established. This information supports investigation under the most suitable local conditions possible.

Before the next construction section

Record what has been clarified and what is still missing

A useful basis for decisions identifies the assessed area, the construction activity assumed and remaining open issues. Agree who will obtain additional information, who will assess the result and when it must be available for construction planning. Record assumptions and changes traceably. For a larger construction section, a separate representation of areas already clarified and those still requiring work may be necessary. Site management can then identify the basis available for each proposed activity.

Check the relationship to the current design again if location, intervention depth or use changes. An earlier result may remain useful but must fit the new question. We explain the precise scope of a record in our explanation of an explosive ordnance clearance statement.

Two different situations

Clarifying a suspected hazard before construction and responding to a find

For an unresolved question about proposed construction work, the available documents are first reviewed by specialists and, where appropriate, discussed with the responsible authority. This determines further investigation needs. A changed route, deeper foundations or a new working area may raise a different question from the previous design. Identify the change explicitly. Existing results can still be used insofar as their spatial and technical scope fits the new task.

If, instead, a potentially dangerous object is found, stop work at the find location. Do not touch or move it, keep your distance and warn others without putting yourself at risk. Notify the police: in Germany on 110, in Luxembourg on 113. The guidance on immediate action after a find explains how to respond. Report the find immediately; later specialist project coordination is prepared separately afterwards.

Understand suspected explosive ordnance and investigation results

Historical indications, measurement data and specialist assessments serve different purposes. For a construction project, they are related to the proposed intervention. A clearly defined investigation volume and an understandable description of the result help clients and contractors assess correctly what the documents mean for their respective tasks.

Evidence and assessment

Historical information or a measurement finding initially provides a basis. The specialist assessment establishes its significance for a defined area and a specific task. It also considers the planned use and prepares the decision on further work needed. Keep data, interpretation and the measures derived from them clearly distinguishable in your project file. A measurement signal flagged as anomalous and a confirmed explosive ordnance find are documented as different levels of evidence.

Compare the plan with the available evidence

Suspected area and construction site

The boundaries of a suspected area may differ from the property boundary and proposed construction site. Overlay the representations and clarify their spatial reference. An investigation may concern part of the property while the new construction work extends beyond it. Conversely, an indication may relate to an area outside the proposed intervention. Assessment considers the actual overlap, depth and planned activity together.

Distinguish the available evidence

Surveying and clearance

Surveying records measurement signals using a method suitable for the task. Interpretation relates the results to the agreed investigation objective. Clearance work may follow and, depending on the commission, include further specialist activities such as uncovering and recovering identified explosive ordnance. For an enquiry, it therefore matters whether the initial task is to narrow down a suspected hazard, investigate a measurement area or examine an already identified finding further. Scope and prerequisites are expressly agreed for each step.

Understand surveying and further services

Clearance and construction activity

A documented assessment is read together with its spatial, depth and service scope. The record includes associated plans, limitations and unresolved areas. For later construction work, it is checked whether the activity lies within the investigated volume and is to be performed under the conditions described. A summary statement in the report is used together with the appendices. Site management must be able to trace which specific intervention the assessment concerns.

Understand the scope of a clearance statement

Authority and private specialist company

Official information and decisions and a commissioned specialist investigation are assigned to their respective tasks. KBD and KMBD are common German abbreviations for public explosive ordnance disposal services; organisation and responsibilities vary by region. The client provides the project information, the specialist company describes and documents its service, and the responsible authorities handle their respective official tasks. The parties to involve are clarified on the basis of the project location, activity and existing requirements.

Distinguish roles and responsibilities

Survey during construction

An intervention during ongoing earthworks needs a procedure agreed with specialists. Simply observing excavated material does not replace a necessary technical survey. Describe the work sequence and investigation objective rather than inferring a particular service scope solely from the term excavation supervision. In particular, the investigated sections, procedure before further interventions and documentation of the stage reached need to be clarified. Execution must comply with the proposed method and defined requirements.

Define the task during earthworks

EOD and UXO in documents

EOD stands for Explosive Ordnance Disposal. UXO stands for Unexploded Ordnance: explosive ordnance prepared for use or deployed that did not function as intended. In German, it is often described as Blindgängermunition. In a project file, such terms are related to their actual meaning. The specific evidence and commissioned scope of work are decisive for the construction site.

Understand technical terms in the project context

Recovery as a separate specialist task

Recovery concerns the proper retrieval of identified explosive ordnance as part of its disposal. It is commissioned with its proposed scope and the necessary authorisations. For construction organisation, the responsible contacts, reporting of findings and subsequent decisions are clarified in advance. Clients and site management ensure that information is understandable; specialist execution is undertaken by duly authorised personnel.

Distinguish surveying from further specialist services

Understand BFR KMR and DGUV

BFR KMR provide a technical framework for investigation and clearance on federal properties. DGUV stands for Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung, the German Social Accident Insurance. Its relevant information and rules support assessment of hazards and protective measures. Requirements for the planned activity are clarified for the specific project.

Read about the regulatory framework for the proposed activity

Compare the plan and available evidence carefully

The quality of a decision depends on whether different documents describe the same volume and stage of work. A precise comparison reveals gaps and keeps the basis of an assessment traceable. It concerns both spatial information and the actual investigation question. A statement about historical evidence of suspected ordnance, for example, is used differently from the result of a completed technical investigation.

Trace the spatial overlap

A property plan, historical assessment and investigation plan may show different boundaries. Check their relationship using the available spatial references. Where correspondence remains unclear, it is clarified by specialists. Plans from different stages may additionally require a common spatial reference or supplementary survey information. Send complete files and legends. A single screenshot or plan extract may omit important information on scale, reference and investigation boundaries.

Give depths a reference

A depth needs a traceable reference, such as the ground or starting level described in the plan. Former and current conditions may differ. Include available elevation information so that the scope of a report can be compared with the new intervention. For drilling, the starting point, starting elevation and planned final depth are considered together. For excavation across an area, it must be clear which ground level the existing investigation relates to.

Keep investigation limits visible

Inaccessible areas or areas that can only be evaluated to a limited extent form part of the result presentation. Their significance is compared with the planned construction activity. Show, for example, whether an investigation boundary runs along a utility, building or paved area. Identify the outstanding task for these areas. The summary and plans should show the same stage of work so that the report remains understandable when passed to another company.

Treat changes as a separate decision

If a route is moved, foundations deepened or another section added, the previous evidence is considered again in relation to it. An apparently minor design change may affect a volume not previously investigated. Present the former and new designs side by side with dates. Specialist work clarifies which existing assessment still applies and what additional work is needed for the changed intervention.

Which specialist task comes next?

The next service follows from the project's unresolved questions. Historical assessment, technical investigation and review of existing records may build on one another. For geophysical methods, suspected objects, ground conditions, interfering objects and accessibility inform selection. Which work makes sense first is defined for the specific property and proposed construction activity.

Workstation with two screens showing aerial photographs and maps, and printed documents on the desk.

Add to the historical evidence

If earlier uses or relevant sources have not yet been assessed, historical work can improve the evidence base. It places available evidence in its technical and spatial context. Any further investigation arising from it is considered alongside the current intervention and the project's other conditions.

Person beside a survey instrument on a construction site; a wheeled excavator with drilling equipment stands behind them.

Compare a localised deep intervention with the evidence

For drilling or foundation works, the starting point, reference elevation and depth must be considered together. The deep-ground survey is planned for this task; its capabilities and limits remain part of the assessment. The working space required and nearby installed structures are also considered. Identify any planned relocation of starting points early so that its relationship to the investigation can be clarified. A borehole clearance statement is used with the point and depth interval actually investigated and its documented assessment.

Person with a tablet at the edge of a cordoned-off excavation, with an excavator behind.

Coordinate earthworks and investigation

For earthworks undertaken in sections, it is defined what assessment must be available before each intervention. Access, interference and construction sequence inform method selection. Where investigation during construction is required, specialist work steps are coordinated with construction progress. This includes understandable handovers between the specialist company and site management and a documented record of completed sections. A clear service specification distinguishes technical investigation from visual observation alone.

Three typical intervention situations in planning

Excavations, utility routes and alterations affect the ground in different ways. The investigation depends on the specific location, depth, work sequence and local conditions. The project type describes the reason for the work; assessment rests on actual evidence for the affected area.

Montage showing building construction, a railway, a utility trench, energy facilities, industry and road construction.

Excavation and working spaces

Planned excavation may extend beyond the eventual building footprint. Working spaces and access routes must therefore be considered when describing the construction activity. Compare existing investigation plans with the volume actually affected and identify areas not yet covered. If individual structural elements need deeper foundations or additional working areas are proposed, these must be shown in the plans. This allows investigation scope and construction design to be related to one another before procurement.

Assess the construction site and excavation
Montage showing building construction, a railway, a utility trench, energy facilities, industry and road construction.

Utility route with individual excavations

Utility alignment, chambers and connections differ in location and intervention depth. For planning, these tasks are shown section by section. Existing utilities, crossings and restricted access may affect investigation. Assign existing evidence to the relevant sections and intervention points. If the route moves as planning progresses, its relationship to available results is checked again. A continuous utility alignment does not replace a representation of individual excavations at different depths.

Distinguish routes and connection areas
Montage showing building construction, a railway, a utility trench, energy facilities, industry and road construction.

Alterations on a site in use

An operating site or previously developed property does not automatically provide an assessment covering all new interventions. Previous construction work, installed infrastructure and available working areas may matter for preparation. Describe specifically what is to change from the existing situation.

Prepare new interventions in existing sites

Clarify the suspected hazard before the next construction section

Work is coordinated with the available evidence and planned use. Required documents, investigations and decisions are given a traceable place in the construction sequence. The specialist company, planners and site management coordinate handovers so that the documented status is available for each next intervention.

01

Identify the task

Describe the construction activity, project phase and upcoming decision. A specific question, such as whether an earlier report can be used, can be addressed more precisely than a general request for property clearance.

02

Compile the evidence

Provide existing information and investigations in full. Identify sources, missing appendices and apparent contradictions. This includes earlier investigation commissions and their spatial limits. In procedures under BFR KMR, the stage of work is assigned to the standard procedure. For other projects, the parties clarify which existing results can be used for the respective task.

03

Add historical evidence

If existing historical information needs to be supplemented, suitable aerial photographs and other sources are interpreted by specialists. Results receive a clear spatial reference and identify the periods covered. Identified indications and source limitations inform further assessment; the current construction design defines the project question to be clarified.

04

Establish the design's spatial reference

Compare the construction site, points and depths with existing assessments. Record where the spatial reference is established and where it still needs clarification. The underlying plan version also remains identifiable.

05

Agree the work required

The next specialist task is derived from unresolved questions. This may include additional background information or technical investigations. Method, scope and local interfaces are coordinated with actual conditions.

06

Carry out the investigation

The specialist company undertakes the agreed investigation within the defined area. Access and construction-related interruptions are coordinated with site management. Completed areas, relevant deviations and particular measurement conditions are recorded. For work in sections, the parties receive the status needed for the next intervention. Execution remains linked to the agreed method and investigation volume.

07

Assess and hand over results

The investigation provides data and a specialist assessment within the agreed scope. Report and plans must be understandable together. Limitations and unresolved questions form part of the handover. Discuss which results are needed for the immediately following construction section and what additional documents other project parties should receive. The construction activity assessed and plan version used remain identifiable when the result is applied.

08

Update construction planning

Further planning is related to the documented status. If location, depth or construction activity changes, its significance must be assessed again by specialists. The basis on which the next section was prepared thus remains traceable.

Four routes depending on the available evidence

The available evidence determines which information is needed first. Where information is missing, obtaining and assessing it takes priority; where a report exists, its relationship to the current intervention is central. A changed construction design and an actual find each require a different form of coordination.

Most documents are missing

First describe the location and construction activity. Further coordination clarifies which information and sources can be used for the project and where additional background information is needed. State which authorities have already been contacted and which responses remain outstanding. Scheduling also benefits from knowing whether the project is still being developed or individual groundworks are already being prepared. Available evidence is supplemented step by step and assigned to its respective stage.

Clarify historical information specifically

A report already exists

Place the report, including maps and appendices, alongside the current design. Identify which part is to be used for the new intervention and what limitations the report contains.

Read existing records in context

A possible find occurs

Stop work at the find location, leave the object unchanged and keep your distance. Notify the police immediately: in Germany on 110, in Luxembourg on 113. Reporting to the police takes priority; subsequent specialist coordination of the construction project takes place separately.

Read how to respond safely to a find

Documents for a traceable project decision

A sound project file connects the initial situation, proposed construction activity and specialist result. It also records unresolved questions. Planners, clients and site management can then identify the basis for the next step.

Initial data with source information

Compile official information and historical assessments with dates, spatial references and appendices. Distinguish your own assumptions from written assessments. Identify missing documents so that additional information needs can be clarified. Where several documents exist, also record which earlier information a later report refers to. Relationships between documents thus remain traceable.

Current intervention plan

The plan should show which areas are to be affected and in what sequence. This includes proposed depths and, where relevant, individual drilling or foundation points. Changes from the earlier task remain traceable even if the rest of the construction section is unchanged.

What the result means for the next work step

A completed investigation is handed over with a report, plans and limitations. Record which question the result is used for and what remains unresolved. A clearance record or survey report gains practical value through this context. For area clearance, the work performed and result are documented as specifically as for investigation of individual points. Planners and site management thereby receive the information relevant to their tasks. Where clearance work has actually been carried out, the clearance record documents the areas and depths treated, clearance scope performed and result.

Clarify the scope of existing records

Do you want to use a report for a proposed intervention or understand its limitations? Compare the existing records with the current construction design. Specify area, depth and the outstanding decision. Further specialist work can then be coordinated precisely.

Discuss records and the proposed intervention

How to recognise sound coordination

Sound coordination connects complete documents with the current construction task. The parties can trace which basis is used, who assesses it and which information must be available for the next work step.

A shared plan version

All parties refer their information to the same traceable version. Different plans are identified by date and extent of changes. The version used must be recorded for commissioning and later handover. Supplementary sections and elevation information belong to the respective plan version. When data is submitted later, its relationship to the previous stage of work is stated.

A clearly defined investigation volume

Area, point and depth are connected with the proposed intervention. The investigation and its assessment receive an unambiguous spatial reference. If another area is to be used, its investigation status is checked separately. This boundary remains clear even in a brief results summary.

Identifiable information gaps

Missing appendices, unclear spatial references and restricted investigation areas remain identifiable. They are stated as specific tasks with contacts and the time by which the work is needed. Planning can thus account for which reliable information is already available and which questions still need specialist clarification.

Separate responsibilities

The client organises project information and commissioning. Planners and site management relate results to their respective tasks. The specialist company assesses and documents the commissioned service; responsible authorities make official decisions. Contacts and handovers are agreed for the specific project.

Traceable method selection

The method is justified by the investigation objective and local conditions. Access, ground composition and interference inform selection. The service also includes interpretation and presentation of the result achieved. This allows the proposed investigation scope to be compared with the actual project question.

Documented subsequent use

At handover, it is clear which design builds on which result. Later changes are compared with the previous status without losing earlier limitations or unresolved issues.

Retain the assessment's location reference

A traceable location helps assign documents and responsibilities correctly. For several construction sites, unambiguous section names are used. Official information, historical results and current intervention plans thus remain assigned to the same spatial area. Different levels of evidence can be addressed specifically in further coordination.

Illustration of a map of Germany marking Wesseling and Gersheim in front of a construction area, with construction plans and a hard hat beside it.

Project location and responsible authorities

State the municipality, address or another unambiguous location for the project. Assign official information to this area. The documents required by the responsible authority are clarified for the location. The Hesse explosive ordnance disposal service, for example, requires an accurate plan with the property boundary marked for a written enquiry. The regional overview helps with orientation; specific procedural questions are discussed with the responsible authorities.

Identify the project location for coordination
Illustration of a map of Germany marking Wesseling and Gersheim in front of a construction area, with construction plans and a hard hat beside it.

Consider several sections together

For longer routes or several construction sites, available evidence and documents may differ. Keep these differences recorded section by section. For each area, it remains clear which investigation or official information exists and which construction activity is proposed. When a new section is commissioned, the contractor receives the relevant set of documents and outstanding questions.

Assign evidence to regional sections

Connect information from different work stages

A project file often contains documents serving different purposes. For further planning, their assessments are considered together without treating historical assessment, technical investigation and documentation as equivalent.

Workstation with two screens showing aerial photographs and maps, and printed documents on the desk.

Historical evidence

Interpretation of available sources can place the affected area's history in context. The result needs a spatial reference and specialist assessment. It is connected with the current design for the proposed intervention.

Relate historical assessment to the project
Two people with a tablet beside a marked construction area; plans lie in the foreground.

Planned technical investigation

The investigation is tailored to a defined task. Location, depth and local measurement conditions help determine which method is suitable and how far its assessment extends. Assessment follows from the actual investigation scope.

Distinguish technical tasks and methods
Two people discussing plans at a table beside a vehicle on a construction site.

Documented decision status

Report, plans and limitations together form the basis for subsequent use. The next project decision must make clear which assessment is being used and which outstanding questions still need to be addressed.

Read documentation for the next decision
MALÅ ground-penetrating radar with operators on grass during a FONTANA-EOD project
Person in an orange vest on a construction site with ground markings and small piles of soil
Questions and answers

Frequently asked questions

Must I have my property checked for explosive ordnance before construction?

Whether clarification is required, and what kind, depends on the project location, available evidence and proposed ground intervention. Clarify local requirements early and compare existing information with the area, depth and construction activity. There is no single survey method for every construction project; the method is selected for the specific task. The process connects document review and any historical research required with method selection, surveying or suitable supervision, assessment and documented handover. Before the next ground intervention, the results are compared with the construction design.

What helps if no explosive ordnance documents are available yet?

Compile the project location, site plan, construction activity and intervention depths. Clarify what information is available at the project location and which existing investigations can be taken into account. Missing information should be identified explicitly. The authorities responsible at the project location determine official requirements within their remit. The specialist company undertakes the agreed investigation and specialist support; contacts and the decisions needed are clarified before the respective work.

Is a report sufficient for a neighbouring construction section?

Only insofar as its spatial and technical scope actually covers the new section. Compare area, depth, method, result and limitations. A nearby investigation does not automatically clear your proposed intervention.

When must an earlier assessment be reconsidered?

When the relevant basis changes, such as land use, the location of an intervention or its depth. It must then be checked whether the previous assessment still covers the changed situation and what additions are required.

What determines the effort and cost of the specialist work?

Relevant factors include the quality and completeness of documents, investigation area and depth, methods, accessibility, interference and construction sections. Additional investigation of findings or a changed design may alter the scope. For a quotation, known conditions and the assessment needed are described as specifically as possible.

What does an inaccessible part of the site mean in a report?

A different or limited assessment may apply to that area. Read the stated limits alongside the survey plan and compare them with the proposed intervention. The need for additional work is clarified by specialists.

Can I choose the method solely on the basis of the planned depth?

No. Alongside depth, the investigation objective, suspected hazard, ground conditions, interference and access are relevant. These conditions are assessed together before a suitable method and its scope are defined.

What should I do if a possible explosive ordnance item is found during construction?

Stop work at the find location, do not touch or move the object, keep your distance and warn others without putting yourself at risk. Notify the police immediately: 110 in Germany, 113 in Luxembourg. Report the already known find location from a safe distance and follow the emergency services' instructions. Do not approach the object to identify it more precisely.

Submit project documents for the next construction phase

Describe the planned construction activity and existing evidence. Unknown information is explicitly identified as unresolved. To coordinate with FONTANA-EOD, you can let us know about available documents through the contact section. Official information and decisions are obtained from the responsible authorities at the project location. Clarify the required service scope and available project documents as well as the tasks of the specialist company and responsible authorities together at an early stage.

Location and intervention

Attach a site plan showing the construction site, route or intervention points. State proposed depths and the associated plan version. For individual drilling or foundation points, an unambiguous relationship between point and starting level is helpful.

Documents and limitations

Send official information, reports and historical assessments with all appendices. Identify missing plans and known limitations. Where statements conflict, provide the relevant documents together and show the discrepancy. First check spatial reference, stage of work and purpose. Specialist assessment clarifies which statement can be used for the current intervention and what additions are needed. A cover sheet or single summary is often insufficient for this comparison.

Project status and next step

Describe whether a design is to be prepared, a service tendered or a section handed over. State changes and when coordination is needed. Also identify proposed interfaces with surveying, ground investigation and construction. Planned construction sections and known access conditions help prepare a quotation. Any unresolved information is passed on with its current status so that additional clarification needs can be considered in service scope and scheduling.

GPR on a construction site
Project enquiry

Have your project assessed

Whether historical aerial photograph analysis, explosive ordnance surveying, surface surveying using GPR, magnetometry or TDEM, deep-ground surveys, downhole surveys, excavation supervision, area clearance or ordnance recovery is needed depends on the location, ground disturbance, depth, ground and existing documents. An early ordnance assessment provides clarity for tendering, programming, occupational safety and construction.

FONTANA-EOD combines its Section 7 SprengG licence, specialists holding Section 20 SprengG certificates of competence, suitable survey and clearance methods, and traceable documentation. Send the site plan, depth of ground disturbance, construction phase and existing documents for an initial technical assessment.